by/ baɪ /

1.preposition
(referring to cause,agent) 被

he was struck by a football
他被足球打中了
a painting by Picasso
毕加索的画
surrounded by a fence
由篱笆围着
2.preposition
by bus/car/train (referring to method,manner,means) 乘公共汽车/汽车/火车

to pay by cheque
以支票支付
she grabbed him by the arm
她抓住了他的胳膊
by moonlight/candlelight
借助月光/烛光
by saving hard, you can ...
通过使劲攒钱,你能…
3.preposition
(via,through) 经由

he came in by the back door
他从后门进来
4.preposition
(close to,beside) 靠近

he was standing by the door
他正站在门边
the house by the river
河边的房子
5.preposition
(past) 经过

she rushed by me
她急匆匆地从我身边过去
6.preposition
(with times,dates,years) 以前

by 4 o'clock
4点以前
by April 7
4月7号以前
by 2005
2005年以前
by this time tomorrow
到明天这个时候
by the time I got here
到我到这儿的时候
by now/then
到如今/那时
7.preposition
by day/night (during) 在白天/晚上

8.preposition
(specifying number,quantity,rate) 按

sold by the kilo/metre
按公斤/米卖
paid by the hour
按小时付酬
parcels arrived by the dozen
按打发来的包裹
little by little, bit by bit
一点一点地
9.preposition
(specifying degree of change) 相差

crime has increased by 10 per cent
犯罪率上升了10%
10.preposition
a room 3 metres by 4 (in measurements) 一间长3米宽4米的房间

it's broader by a metre
宽了1米
11.preposition [数] 
to divide/multiply by 3 被3除/乘

12.preposition
by law (according to) 按照法律

to play by the rules
按规则玩游戏
it's all right by me
对我来说没问题
by profession/birth/nature
就职业/祖籍/天性而言
13.preposition
by myself/himself {etc} (unaided) 我/他{等}自己

14.preposition
(alone) 我/他{等}单独

15.adverb
see go by,pass by {etc}

16.adverb
by and by (in the past) 不久以后

17.adverb
(in the future) 不久

18.adverb
by and large 大体说来