scratch/ skrætʃ /

1.noun [c] 
(on car,furniture etc) 刮痕

2.noun
(on body) 擦伤

3.vt.[+car] [ furniture] [ etc] 
(damage) 划破

4.vt.
(because of itch) 搔

5.vt.
(claw) 抓

6.vi.
搔痒

to do sth from scratch
白手起家做某事
to be up to scratch
合格
to scratch the surface (of sth)
(对某事)浅尝辄止
to scratch o.s.
挠自己